Einleitung
Jede Linux-Distribution nutzt einen eigenen Package Manager. Dieser Guide zeigt dir die wichtigsten Befehle für alle gängigen Package Manager.
Pakete installieren
Aus Repository installieren
snap install [packageName]
flatpak install [remote] [packageName]
apt install [packageName]
yum install [packageName]
dnf install [packageName]
pkg install [packageName]
apt-get install [packageName]
pacman -S [packageName]
pip install [packageName]
zypper install [packageName]Aus Datei installieren
flatpak install [package.flatpakref]
dpkg -i [package.deb]
yum install [package.rpm]
dnf install [package.rpm]
pkg add [package.txz]
pacman -U [package.tar.gz]
pip install [path/to/package]Pakete suchen
Nach Paketen suchen
snap find [query]
flatpak search [query]
apt-cache search [query]
apt search [query]
yum search [query]
dnf search [query]
pkg search [query]
pacman -Ss [query]
pip search [query]
zypper search [query]Paket-Informationen
Informationen zu Paket anzeigen
snap info [packageName]
apt-cache show [packageName]
apt show [packageName]
dpkg -s [packageName]
yum info [packageName]
dnf info [packageName]
pkg info [packageName]
pacman -Si [packageName]
pip show [packageName]Updates
Paketlisten aktualisieren
apt-get update
apt update
yum check-update
dnf check-update
pkg update
pacman -Sy
zypper refreshInstallierte Pakete upgraden
snap refresh
flatpak update
apt-get upgrade
apt upgrade
yum update
dnf upgrade
pkg upgrade
pacman -Syu
pip install [packageName] --upgrade
zypper updateSystem-Upgrade (Distribution)
# Debian/Ubuntu
sudo apt update && sudo apt full-upgrade
# Fedora
sudo dnf system-upgrade download --releasever=XX
# Arch
sudo pacman -SyuPakete entfernen
Paket deinstallieren
snap remove [packageName]
flatpak uninstall [packageName]
apt remove [packageName]
apt-get remove [packageName]
yum remove [packageName]
dnf remove [packageName]
pkg delete [packageName]
pacman -R [packageName]
pip uninstall [packageName]
zypper remove [packageName]Paket mit Konfiguration entfernen
apt purge [packageName]
apt-get purge [packageName]Ungenutzte Abhängigkeiten entfernen
apt autoremove
apt-get autoremove
dnf autoremove
pacman -Rns $(pacman -Qtdq)Repositories verwalten
Repository hinzufügen
# Ubuntu/Debian PPA
add-apt-repository ppa:[userName]/[ppaName]
# Debian Repository
add-apt-repository deb [url] [derivative]
# Fedora/CentOS
yum-config-manager --add-repo [url]
dnf config-manager --add-repo [url]
# openSUSE
zypper addrepo [url] [alias]Repository entfernen
# Ubuntu/Debian
add-apt-repository --remove ppa:[userName]/[ppaName]
# Fedora/CentOS
yum-config-manager --disable [repo-name]
# openSUSE
zypper removerepo [alias]Installierte Pakete
Alle installierten Pakete auflisten
snap list
flatpak list
apt list --installed
dpkg -l
yum list installed
dnf list installed
pkg info
pacman -Q
pip listNach installiertem Paket suchen
dpkg -l | grep [query]
rpm -qa | grep [query]
pacman -Qs [query]Cache-Verwaltung
Package-Cache leeren
apt clean
apt-get clean
yum clean all
dnf clean all
pacman -Sc
zypper cleanVergleich der Befehle
| Aktion | Debian/Ubuntu | RHEL/Fedora | Arch | openSUSE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Install | apt install | dnf install | pacman -S | zypper install |
| Remove | apt remove | dnf remove | pacman -R | zypper remove |
| Update | apt update | dnf check-update | pacman -Sy | zypper refresh |
| Upgrade | apt upgrade | dnf upgrade | pacman -Syu | zypper update |
| Search | apt search | dnf search | pacman -Ss | zypper search |
Best Practices
- Update vor Install: Immer zuerst Paketlisten aktualisieren
- Nutze offizielle Repos: Vermeide ungeprüfte Third-Party Repositories
- Regelmäßige Updates: Halte dein System aktuell
- Dependency Hell vermeiden: Nutze Package Manager statt manueller Installation
- Snapshots vor großen Updates: Bei wichtigen Systemen